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氮合金化是降低奥氏体不锈钢中镍含量并能提高其强度的有效方法，对于发展高性能经济型奥氏体不锈钢具有重要的作用。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)、电化学工作站等研究了1050～1150℃固溶处理0.5～5.0 h对含氮节镍QN1701不锈钢显微组织和耐点蚀性能的影响。结果表明：固溶处理后试样的晶界处很难发现析出相，平均晶粒尺寸随着固溶温度的升高和固溶时间的延长而变大，但不同固溶温度条件下晶粒长大的规律不同；温度较低时(1050℃)晶粒长大趋势呈幂指数变化规律，温度较高时(1100℃)和温度高时(1150℃)分别近似为直线和抛物线关系，这主要归因于析出相的回溶热/动力学与晶粒长大之间的相互关系；固溶处理对实验钢的耐点蚀性能也有明显影响，固溶处理试样的点蚀电位明显高于热轧态试样；固溶时间一定时(1.5 h),试样的点蚀电位随着固溶温度的升高先增大后降低，固溶温度一定时，随着固溶时间的延长，试样的点蚀电位整体上先升高后降低，这主要与固溶处理后富Cr、Mo的M23C6、σ等析出相大大减少和晶粒尺寸的增大以及孪晶的形成有关；1050～1100℃固溶处理1～1.5 h后实验钢的耐点蚀性能最优。
Abstract：Nitrogen alloying is an effective method to reduce the nickel content in austenitic stainless steel and improve its strength, which plays an important role in the development of high-performance and economic austenitic stainless steel. The effect of solution treatment at 1050-1150 ℃ for 0.5-5.0 h on microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance of nitrogen-containing low nickel QN1701 stainless steel was studied by means of optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD) technique, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that it is difficult to find precipitates at the grain boundary of the specimens after solution treatment, and the average grain size increases with the increase of solution temperature and solution time, but the grain growth kinetics law differs under different solution temperatures. The grain growth trend at low temperature(1050 ℃) follows a power exponential relationship, while at higher temperatures(1100 ℃ and 1150 ℃), it follows approximately linear and parabolic trends, respectively. This is mainly due to the correlation between the dissolution thermodynamics/kinetics of precipitates and grain growth dynamics. The solution treatment has a significant effect on the pitting corrosion resistance of the experimental steel. The pitting corrosion potential of the solution treated specimens is significantly higher than that of the hot rolled specimen. When the solution treatment time is 1.5 h, the pitting potential of the specimens first increases and then decreases with the increase of solution treatment temperature. When the solution treatment temperature is the same, the pitting potential of the specimens increases first and then decreases with the increase of solution treatment time. This is mainly attributed to the significant reduction of Cr-and Mo-rich M23C6 and σ precipitates, the increase of grain size and the formation of twins after solution treatment. The experimental steel exhibits the best pitting corrosion resistance after solution treatment at 1050-1100 ℃ for 1-1.5 h.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2025-0090
中图分类号:TG142.71;TG156.94
引用信息:
[1]李娜,杜娟,王永强,等.固溶处理对含氮节镍QN1701高强奥氏体不锈钢显微组织和耐点蚀性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2025,46(12):87-96.DOI:10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2025-0090.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(52171059,51971003)