| 428 | 0 | 449 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
TiAl合金因其低密度、高比强度、优异的抗高温氧化及抗蠕变性能等特点,成为航空航天飞行器热端部件实现减重增效的重要结构材料。然而,TiAl合金铸态组织粗大,导致其铸件强度低、塑性差。综述了近年来不同热处理工艺,包括热等静压处理、退火处理、淬火-回火处理、循环热处理和固溶时效处理,对TiAl合金组织调控的研究现状,分析了不同工艺的特点及存在的不足,提出了高性能TiAl合金制备的建议以及未来发展的方向。
Abstract:TiAl alloys have become an important structural material for achieving weight reduction and efficiency improvement in hot-end components of aerospace vehicles due to their low density, high specific strength, excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance, and creep resistance. However, the as cast microstructure of TiAl alloys is coarse, which leads to diminished strength and poor ductility in the castings. This article summarizes the research status of microstructure control of TiAl alloys by different heat treatment processes in recent years, including hot isostatic pressing, annealing, quenching-tempering, cyclic heat treatment, and solution-aging treatment. The characteristics and shortcomings of different processes are analyzed, and suggestions for the preparation of high-performance TiAl alloys and future development directions are proposed.
[1] 杨锐.钛铝金属间化合物的进展与挑战[J].金属学报,2015,51(2):129-147.YANG Rui.Advances and challenges of TiAl base alloys[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2015,51(2):129-147.
[2] Kim Y W,Kim S L.Advances in gammalloy materials-processes-application technology:Successes,dilemmas,and future[J].Journal of Metals,2018,70(4):553-560.
[3] Wu X H.Review of alloy and process development of TiAl alloys[J].Intermetallics,2005,14(10):1114-1122.
[4] Dimiduk D M.Gamma titanium aluminide alloys:An assessment within the competition of aerospace structural materials[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,1999,263(2):281.
[5] Clemens H,Mayer S.Design,processing,microstructure,properties,and applications of advanced intermetallic TiAl alloys[J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2013,15(4):191-215.
[6] 夏强飞.TiAl基合金在热处理过程中的组织演化[D].上海:上海交通大学,2001.XIA Qiang-fei.Microstructure evolution of TiAl-based alloys during heat treatment[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2001.
[7] Appel F,Paul J D H,Oehring M,et al.Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys:Science and Technology[M].Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.KGaA,2011.
[8] Beddoes J,Wallace W,Zhao L,et al.Current understanding of creep behaviour of near γ-titanium aluminides[J].International Materials Reviews,1995,40(5):197-21.
[9] Clemens H,Mayer S.Design processing microstructure properties and applications of advanced intermetallic TiAl alloys[J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2013,15(4):191-215.
[10] Chen G,Peng Y,Zheng G,et al.Polysynthetic twinned TiAl single crystals for high-temperature applications[J].Nature Materials,2016,15(8):876-881.
[11] 陈光,陈奉锐,祁志祥,等.聚片孪生TiAl单晶及其应用展望[J].振动测试与诊断,2019,39(5):915-926.CHEN Guang,CHEM Feng-rui,QI Zhi-xiang,et al.Polywafer twin TiAl single crystal and its application prospects[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis,2019,39(5):915-926.
[12] Erdely P,Staron P,Maawad E,et al.Lattice and phase strain evolution during tensile loading of an intermetallic multi-phase γ-TiAl based alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2018,158:193-205.
[13] Appel F,Clemens H,Fischer F D.Modeling concepts for intermetallic titanium aluminides[J].Progress in Materials Science,2016,81:55-124.
[14] Wagner R,Appel F.Microstructure and deformation of two-phase γ titanium aluminides[J].Materials Science and Engineering R:Reports,1997,22(5):187-268.
[15] Song L,Appel F,Wang L,et al.New insights into high-temperature deformation and phase transformation mechanisms of lamellar structures in high Nb-containing TiAl alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2020,186:575-586.
[16] Kim Y W.Effects of microstructure on the tensile,fracture toughness and fatigue behaviour of gamma titanium aluminides[J].Journal of Materials Science & Technology,1994(2):79-91.
[17] Zheng G M,Tang B,Zhao S K,et al.Evading the strength-ductility trade-off at room temperature and achieving ultrahigh plasticity at 800 ℃ in a TiAl alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2021,225:117585.
[18] 陈国良,林均品.有序金属间化合物结构材料[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1998.CHEN Guo-liang,LIN Jun-pin.Ordered Intermetallic Compound Structural Materials[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1998.
[19] 吕炎.锻压成形理论与工艺[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1991.Lü Yan.Theory and Process of Forging Forming[M].Beijing:Machinery Industry Press,1991.
[20] 罗媛媛.β型γ-TiAl基合金热变形行为及组织性能研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2015.LUO Yuan-yuan.Research on the high-temperature deformation behaviors,microstructure and mechanical properites of beta γ-TiAl alloys[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2015.
[21] 王敏智.热处理对TiAl基合金组织与性能的影响[D].南京:南京理工大学,2016.WANG Min-zhi.Effects of heat treatment on the microsructureand mechanical property of TiAl alloy[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2016.
[22] 田博.变形TiAl合金力学性能研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2021.TIAN Bo.Research on mechanical properties of deformed TiAl alloy[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2021.
[23] Cheng L,Zhang S J,Yang G,et al.Hot tensile behavior of a TiAl alloy with a (β0+γ) microduplex microstructure prepared simply by heat treatments[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2021,875:160039.
[24] Appel F,Oehring M,Paul J D H.A novel in situ composite structure in TiAl alloys[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2008,493(1/2):232-236.
[25] Shagiev M R,Senkov O N,Salishchev G A,et al.High temperature mechanical properties of a submicrocrystalline Ti-47Al-3Cr alloy produced by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2000,313(1/2):201-208.
[26] Zuo Z B,Hu R,Li S Q,et al.A novel Ta-contained TiAl alloy with excellent high temperature performance designed for powder hot isostatic pressing[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2024,1008:176706.
[27] Zhang W,Liu Y,Liu B,et al.Deformability and microstructure transformation of PM TiAl alloy prepared by pseudo-HIP technology[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(4):547-552.
[28] Seifi M,Salem A A,Satko D P,et al.Effects of HIP on microstructural heterogeneity defect distribution and mechanical properties of additively manufactured EBM Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2017,729:1118-1135.
[29] Xu X X,Kou H C,Yu Y H,et al.Characteristics of lamellar evolution and softening behavior of Powder-HIPed TNM alloy during hot compression[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2024,983:173794.
[30] Cao J,Guo Z C,Sun T L,et al.Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a high Nb-TiAl alloy via HIP and heat treatment[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2023,884:145517.
[31] 高宇翔,李忠文,刘凯,等.后处理对电子束熔化成形Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金组织及性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2023,44(11):101-106.GAO Yu-xiang,LI Zhong-wen,LIU Kai,et al.Effect of post-treatment on microstructure and properties of Ti48Al2Cr2Nb alloy prepared by electron beam melting[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2023,44(11):101-106.
[32] Schloffer M,Iqbal F,Gabrisch H,et al.Microstructure development and hardness of a powder metallurgical multi phase γ-TiAl based alloy[J].Intermetallics,2012,22:231-240.
[33] Li W,Li M,Yang Y,et al.Enhanced compressive strength and tailored microstructure of selective laser melted Ti-46.5Al-2.5Cr2Nb-0.5Y alloy with different boron addition[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2018,731:209-219.
[34] 方璐.全片层高Nb-TiAl合金显微组织热稳定性研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.FANG Lu.Investigation on the thermal stabilities ofmicrostructure in fully lamellar high Nb containing TiAl alloys[D].Beijing:University of Science and Technology Beijing,2017.
[35] 唐洪奎,杨超,卓君,等.热处理对热等静压Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2022,51(10):148-151.TANG Hong-kui,YANG Chao,ZHUO Jun,et al.Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy by HIP[J].Hot Working Technology,2022,51(10):148-151.
[36] Wu X H.Review of alloy and process development of TiAl alloys[J].Intermetallics,2006,14(10/11):1114-1122.
[37] Chen L,Zhu L P,Guan Y J,et al.Tougher TiAl alloy via integration of hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2017,688:371-377.
[38] Liu Y W,Hu R,Zang T B.Microstructure stability of Ti2AlN/Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb composite at 900 ℃[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2016,26(2):423-430.
[39] Zhu H L,Seo D Y,Maruyama K.Effect of lamellar spacing on microstructural instability and creep behavior of a lamellar TiAl alloy[J].Scripta Materialia,2006,54(12):1979-1984.
[40] Kastenhuber M,Rashkova B,Clemens H.Effect of microstructural instability on the creep resistance of an advanced intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloy[J].Intermetallics,2017,80:1-9.
[41] Mishin Y,Belova I V,Murch G E.Atomistic modeling of diffusion in the TiAl compound[J].Defect and Diffusiion Forum,2005,237-240:271-276.
[42] Wang Y,Wang Y T,Li R D,et al.Hall-Petch relationship in selective laser melting additively manufactured metals:using grain or cell size?[J].Journal of Central South University,2021,28(4):1043-1057.
[43] Dong S L,Gao J C,Qu Y D,et al.Accelerated elimination of residual B2 phase in TiAl-based alloys by low-temperature annealing plus stretching[J].Vacuum,2024,230:113706.
[44] 王国田,龙泽堃,周西来,等.热处理对Ti-45.5Al-4Cr-2.5Nb合金组织和性能的影响[J].材料导报,2024,38(S1):469-473.WANG Guo-tian,LONG Ze-kun,ZHOU Xi-lai,et al.Effect of the heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of Ti-45.5A1-4Cr-2.5Nb alloy[J].Materials Reports,2024,38(S1):469-473.
[45] Yue H Y,Peng H,Li R F,et al.Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and anisotropy of tensile properties of TiAl alloy produced via selective electron beam melting[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2021,803:140473.
[46] Zhao E T,Niu H Z,et al.Microstructural control and mechanical properties of a β-solidified γ-TiAl alloy Ti-46Al-2Nb-1.5V-1Mo-Y[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2017,701:1-6.
[47] 薛辉.激光增材制造高Nb-TiAl合金的组织与力学性能研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2023.XUE Hui.Microstructure and mechanical property of high Nb-TiA1 alloy fabricated by laser additive manufacturing[D].Beijing:University of Seience and Technology Beijing,2023.
[48] Liu Z Q,Ma R X,Xu G J,et al.Effects of annealing on microstructure and mechanical properties of γ-TiAl alloy fabricated via laser melting deposition[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2020,30(4):917-927.
[49] 王淑云,李惠曲,黄朝晖,等.等温锻造Ti-47Al-2Cr-1Nb合金显微组织细化机理[J].航空材料学报,2002,22(1):51-53.WANG Shu-yun,LI Hui-qu,HUANG Chao-hui,et al.Mechanism of refining microstructure of isothermally forged Ti-47Al-2Cr-1Nb alloy[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2002,22(1):51-53.
[50] 王勇.TiAl基合金显微组织的热处理细化研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2001.WANG Yong.Refinement of heat treatment in the microstructure of TiAl-based alloys[D].Changsha:Central South University,2001.
[51] 何双珍,贺跃辉,黄伯云,等.淬火/回火热处理对TiAl基合金晶粒细化的影响[J].航空材料学报,2003,23(3):5-10.HE Shuang-zhen,HE Yue-hui,HUANG Bo-yun,et al.Effect of quenching temperature and tempering time on grain refinement in TiAl base alloy[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2003,23(3):5-10.
[52] Suzuki Y,Suzuki T,Tsujimoto T.Grain size control of TiAl alloy with fully lamellar microstructure using discontinuous coarsening reaction[J].Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals,1997,61:678-683.
[53] Chlupova A,Heczko M,Obrtlik M,et al.Effect of heat-treatment on the microstructure and fatigue properties of lamellar γ-TiAl alloyed with Nb,Mo and/or C[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2020,786:139427.
[54] Hu D,Jiang H.Martensite in a TiAl alloy quenched from beta phase field[J].Intermetallics,2015,56:87-95.
[55] Song L,Hu X G,Zhang T B,et al.Precipitation behaviors in a quenched high Nb-containing TiAl alloy during annealing[J].Intermetallics,2017,89:79-85.
[56] Mayer S,Petersmann M,Fischer F D,et al.Experimental and theoretical evidence of displacive martensite in an intermetallic Mo-containing γ-TiAl based alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2016,115:242-249.
[57] Cheng T T,Loretto M H.The decomposition of the beta phase in Ti-44Al-8Nb and Ti-44Al-4Nb-4Zr-0.2Si alloys[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(13):4801-4819.
[58] Kastenhuber M,Rashkova B,Clemens H,et al.Effect of microstructural instability on the creep resistance of an advanced intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloy[J].Intermetallics,2017,80:1-9.
[59] Yang G,Yang X X,Wang Y F,et al.Phase precipitation behavior of a quenched β-solidifying TiAl alloy with a fully-B2 microstructure during annealing at 800 ℃[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2020,812:152118.
[60] Hu D,Botten R R.Phase transformations in some TiAl-based alloys[J].Intermetallics,2002,10(7):701-715.
[61] Liu Y L,Xue X,Fang H Z,et al.Columnar grains formation and mechanical properties improvement of Ti44Al alloy by cyclic directional heat treatment[J].Journal of Materials Research and Technology,2020,9(6):16355-16366.
[62] 曹守臻.TiAl合金热处理过程中亚稳相形成机制研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.CAO Shou-zhen.Formation mechanisms of metastable phases in titanium aluminides during heat treatment[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2017.
[63] 高文强,刘川,楚玉东,等.α凝固TiAl合金显微组织细化[J].铸造技术,2022,43(12):1063-1067.GAO Wen-qiang,LIU Chuan,CHU Yu-dong,et al.Microstructural refinement of α solidified TiAl alloy[J].Foundry Technology,2022,43(12):1063-1067.
[64] Tian S W,He A R,Liu J H,et al.Oxidation resistance of TiAl alloy improved by hot-pack rolling and cyclic heat treatment[J].Materials Characterization,2021,178:111196.
[65] Ding X F,Lin J P,Zhang L Q,et al.Effects of heat treatment on microstructure of directionally solidified,Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W,B,Y) alloy[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(1):26-31.
[66] 李莹,李栋,常辉,等.850 ℃等温时效对高Nb-TiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2024,53(16):35-38.LI Ying,LI Dong,CHANG Hui,et al.Effects of isothermal aging at 850 ℃ on microstructure and mechanical properties of high Nb-TiAl alloy[J].Hot Working Technology,2024,53(16):35-38.
[67] Zheng G M,Tang B,Zhao S K,et al.Breaking the high-temperature strength-ductility trade-off in TiAl alloys through microstructural optimization[J].International Journal of Plasticity,2023,170:103756.
[68] Zheng G M,Tang B,Zhao S K,et al.Evading the strength-ductility trade-off at room temperature and achieving ultrahigh plasticity at 800 ℃ in a TiAl alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2022,225:117585.
基本信息:
DOI:10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2024-0578
中图分类号:TG166.5
引用信息:
[1]陈刚,李天瑞.TiAl合金热处理组织调控研究进展[J].材料热处理学报,2025,46(11):1-15.DOI:10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2024-0578.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(52301028); 安徽省科技厅自然科学基金(2208085QE147); 安徽省教育厅高校科研项目(2022AH050333)