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镍基单晶高温合金叶片在真实服役过程中往往受交变的拉伸和弯曲载荷的复合作用，其断裂机制和断口特征往往与单纯的拉伸疲劳和弯曲振动疲劳不同。基于实际叶片服役环境的复合疲劳载荷特点，采用高温轴向低周复合高频弯曲振动疲劳试验系统，对合金开展了不同高、低周载荷水平下的拉弯复合疲劳试验，并观察其断口的宏观及微观形貌。结果表明:拉-弯复合疲劳裂纹主扩展面均起源于试样表面，在亚表面及内部缺陷处存在小疲劳扩展面;裂纹的萌生和早期扩展区域可见明显的氧化特征，扩展后期为疲劳弧线和河流状花样形貌，瞬断区为台阶状的类解理形貌;低周拉伸载荷的增加会显著降低合金的复合疲劳寿命，当高周载荷增加时，疲劳开裂对缺陷更加敏感，更易于在内部缺陷处发生开裂。
Abstract：Nickel-based single-crystal superalloy blades are often subjected to a combination effect of alternating tensile and bending loads during actual service,and their fracture mechanism and fracture characteristics are often different from those of pure tensile fatigue and bending vibration fatigue. Based on the characteristics of composite fatigue loads in the actual blade service environment,a hightemperature axial low-cycle composite high-frequency bending vibration fatigue test system was used to conduct tensile-bending composite fatigue tests on the alloy at different high-cycle and low-cycle load levels,and the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the fracture surface was observed. The results show that the main propagation surface of the tensile-bending composite fatigue crack originates from the surface of the sample,and there are smaller secondary fatigue propagation surfaces at the subsurface and internal defects. The initiation and early propagation areas of cracks exhibit obvious oxidation characteristics,the later stages of propagation exhibit fatigue striations and river like patterns,and the instantaneous fracture zone has a step-like quasi-cleavage morphology. The increase of low-cycle tensile load will significantly reduce the composite fatigue life of the alloy. When the high-cycle bending load increases,fatigue cracking is more sensitive to defects and is more likely to occur at internal defects.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2025-sx28
中图分类号:TG132.3
引用信息:
[1]刘佳宾,刘新灵,赵子华,等.镍基单晶高温合金复合疲劳断裂特征[J].材料热处理学报,2026,47(05):1-7.DOI:10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2025-sx28.
基金信息:
国家科技重大专项(J2019-Ⅵ-0022-0138)
2026-05-21
2026-05-21