不锈钢换热器不等间隙钎焊接头失效分析Failure analysis of the non-parallel gap brazed joint of stainless steel heat exchanger
周兴汶,黄永德,何鹏,陆青松,陈玉华
摘要(Abstract):
从整车试验中发生内漏的304不锈钢换热器失效问题入手,采用宏观检查、金相检验、能谱分析和有限元仿真模拟方法,从组织形貌、合金元素扩散、应力集中等角度分析了不锈钢换热器钎焊接头的失效原因,讨论了不等间隙接头的形成原因及对接头应力集中情况的影响。结果表明:换热器失效原因为产品凸台处钎焊接头发生疲劳断裂,裂纹在钎缝圆角处萌生,并在剪应力作用下扩展至钎缝下侧界面,随后沿强度相对较低的钎焊界面进一步扩展。钎焊过程中接头成形较好,无明显焊接缺陷。但由于焊前装配误差造成凸台位置接头钎焊间隙不等,工况下局部位置的应力集中使得接头服役寿命有所降低。
关键词(KeyWords): 不锈钢换热器;钎焊;仿真模拟;失效分析;应力集中;不等间隙
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(51365044);; 江西省研究生创新基金(YC2015-S318);; 郑州机械研究所新型钎焊材料与技术国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLABFMT201404)
作者(Author): 周兴汶,黄永德,何鹏,陆青松,陈玉华
DOI: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2017.01.021
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