宫志鹏,贺甜甜,李林芳,杜三明,张永振,张鹏杰

• 1:河南科技大学高端轴承摩擦学技术与应用国家地方联合工程实验室

摘要(Abstract)：

首先对GCr15轴承钢进行了不同温度的淬火和回火处理及淬火+深冷+回火处理，获得了残留奥氏体含量分别为6.2、11.2、17.5和26.4 vol%的GCr15轴承钢试样，随后采用重载往复摩擦磨损实验仪在干摩擦和油润滑条件下对试样进行摩擦磨损实验，研究了残留奥氏体含量对GCr15轴承钢滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响；利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线残余应力分析仪和洛氏硬度计等分析了GCr15轴承钢试样在不同状态下的组织、表面形貌和力学性能。结果表明：经不同工艺热处理后，GCr15轴承钢的组织都是由马氏体、残留奥氏体和碳化物组成；随着残留奥氏体含量增加，GCr15轴承钢的表面硬度逐渐减小，残余压应力逐渐减小并趋于稳定；在干摩擦条件下，深冷处理试样的平均摩擦系数最小；在油润滑条件下，4组试样的平均摩擦系数相差不大且都低于0.08,在干摩擦和油润滑条件下，随着残留奥氏体含量升高，GCr15轴承钢的磨损率都是先升高再降低，在淬火温度为865℃时磨损率达到最大；经过深冷处理的试样的残留奥氏体含量最小，为6.2 vol%,其磨损率也最小，说明深冷处理能提高GCr15轴承钢的摩擦磨损性能；在干摩擦条件下GCr15轴承钢的磨损机制为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和氧化磨损，油润滑条件下为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。

关键词(KeyWords)： GCr15轴承钢;残留奥氏体;深冷处理;残余应力;摩擦磨损性能

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(51905153)

作者(Author): 宫志鹏,贺甜甜,李林芳,杜三明,张永振,张鹏杰

DOI: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2022-0506

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 薛爱轩，王骐，符朝阳.端盖式轴承对汽轮发电机振动影响分析与实验研究[J].电站系统工程，2022,38(5):46-48.XUE Ai-xuan,WANG Qi,FU Zhao-yang.Analysis and experimental study on influence of end cap bearing on vibration of turbo generator[J].Power System Engineering,2022,38(5):46-48.
• [2] 孙德强，李嘉宾，倪伟，等.永磁直驱牵引电机磁钢分段对轴承温升的影响[J].铁道机车车辆，2022,42(4):80-84.SUN De-qiang,LI Jia-bin,NI Wei,et al.Influence of magnetic steel segmentation of permanent magnet direct drive traction motor on bearing temperature rise[J].Railway Locomotive & Car,2022,42(4):80-84.
• [3] 徐立晖，罗勇水，何俊尉，等.载荷、温度和转速对轴承油膜厚度及寿命的影响[J].机电工程，2022,39(7):955-960.XU Li-hui,LUO Yong-shui,HE Jun-wei,et al.Influence of load,temperature and speed on bearing oil film thickness and life[J].Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering,2022,39(7):955-960.
• [4] 贾谦，阮琪，王贺，等.精密机床电主轴静压轴承制造误差对性能的影响研究[J/OL].机械科学与技术.https://doi.org/10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220065.JIA Qian,YUAN Qi,WANG He,et al.Research on influence of manufacturing errors on performance of precision spindle hydrostatic bearings[J/OL].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering.https://doi.org/10.13433/j.cnki.1003-8728.20220065.
• [5] 董霁泽.工作条件对滚动轴承寿命的影响[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量，2017,37(9):84-85.DONG Ji-ze.Influence of working conditions on the life of rolling bearings[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality,2017,37(9):84-85.
• [6] Ivannikov V,Leontiev M,Degtyarev S,et al.Analysis of radial roller bearing rating life in complex loading conditions[J].Journal of Tribology,2022,144(3):031201.
• [7] Guo B,Luo Z,Zhang B,et al.Dynamic influence of wheel flat on fatigue life of the traction motor bearing in vibration environment of a locomotive[J].Energies,2021,14(18):5810.
• [8] Komoriya T,Ichimura R,Kochi T,et al.Service life of lubricating grease in ball bearings (Part 1) behavior of grease and its base oil in a ball bearing[J].Tribology Online,2021,16(4):236-245.
• [9] 万善宏，陈佳林，于兴智，等.医用真空高速轴承磨损失效分析[J].表面技术，2022,51(8):272-283.WAN Shan-hong,CHEN Jia-lin,YU Xing-zhi,et al.Wear failure analysis of high speed and vacuum bearing for medical systems[J].Surface Technology,2022,51(8):272-283.
• [10] 宋高昂，贺甜甜，刘建，等.润滑条件对M50钢摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].轴承，2022(6):43-48.SONG Gao-ang,HE Tian-tian,LIU Jian,et al.Effect of lubrication conditions on friction and wear properties of M50 steel[J].Bearing,2022(6):43-48.
• [11] 郇庆婷，杜三明，王梦丹，等.不同化学热处理对GCr15钢力学性能及摩擦行为的影响[J].材料热处理学报，2021,42(5):117-123.HUAN Qing-ting,DU San-ming,WANG Meng-dan,et al.Effects of different chemical heat treatment on mechanical properties and tribological behavior of GCr15 steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2021,42(5):117-123.
• [12] 穆永哲，贺甜甜，邵若男，等.淬火保温时间对GCr15轴承钢组织与摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报，2021,42(12):109-116.MU Yong-zhe,HE Tian-tian,SHAO Ruo-nan,et al.Effect of quenching holding time on microstructure and friction and wear properties of GCr15 bearing steel[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2021,42(12):109-116.
• [13] 李庆忠，朱强，李东炬，等.热处理方式对GCr15钢与Si3N4副干摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].润滑与密封，2017,42(6):26-29.LI Qing-zhong,ZHU Qiang,LI Dong-ju,et al.Effect of heat treatment method on dry friction and wear properties of GCr15 steel against Si3N4[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(6):26-29.
• [14] Wei X,Zhang X,He W,et al.Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructural evolution and transformation kinetics simulation by FEM of low-carbon high-alloy martensitic bearing steel[J].Steel Research International,2022,93(9):2100785.
• [15] Li D,He W,Zhang X,et al.Effects of traditional heat treatment and a novel deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of low-carbon high-alloy martensitic bearing steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2021,28(3):370-382.
• [16] Luo Q,Li J,Yan Q,et al.Sliding wear of medium-carbon bainitic/martensitic/austenitic steel treated by short-term low-temperature austempering[J].Wear,2021,476:203732.
• [17] 李东辉，李志敏，肖茂果，等.深冷处理对低碳高合金马氏体轴承钢力学性能及组织的影响[J].材料研究学报，2019,33(8):561-571.LI Dong-hui,LI Zhi-min,XIAO Mao-guo,et al.Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on mechanical property and microstructure of a low carbon high alloy martensitic bearing steel during tempering[J].Chinese Journal of Materials Research,2019,33(8):561-571.
• [18] 李辉，尹甜甜，刘勇.深冷处理对GCr15轴承钢性能的影响[J].轴承，2015(8):41-44.LI Hui,YIN Tian-tian,LIU Yong.Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on performances of bearing steel GCr15[J].Bearing,2015(8):41-44.
• [19] 葛艳辉.深冷处理对GCr15轴承钢组织及力学性能的影响[J].材料导报，2013,27(S2):334-335.GE Yan-hui.Influence on structure and mechanical properties of GCr15 bearing steel with cryogenic treatment[J].Materials Review,2013,27(S2):334-335.
• [20] 陈叶青，吴益文，秦子威，等.深冷处理对GCr15轴承钢组织及力学性能的影响[J].机械工程材料，2018,42(5):55-58.CEHN Ye-qing,WU Yi-wen,QIN Zi-wei,et al.Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of GCr15 bearing steel[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2018,42(5):55-58.
• [21] 高清远，李淑欣，苏云帅.马氏体钢干滑动磨损纳米梯度结构的形成机理研究[J].摩擦学学报，2019,39(6):698-705.GAO Qing-yuan,LI Shu-xin,SU Yun-shuai.Investigation on formation mechanism of nano-gradient structure in dry sliding wear of martensite steel[J].Tribology,2019,39(6):698-705.
• [22] 尹存宏，梁益龙.马氏体钢干摩擦表层磨损裂纹形成的力学条件和微观机制[J].钢铁研究学报，2020,32(4):322-328.YIN Cun-hong,LIANG Yi-long.Mechanical and microscopic formation mechanism of wear cracks in a friction-induced layer of martensitic steels[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2020,32(4):322-328.
• [23] 王葛，刘胜强，郭伟，等.30CrMo钢Q-P-T及深冷处理后的组织与性能[J].材料热处理学报，2020,41(4):83-91.WANG Ge,LIU Sheng-qiang,GUO Wei,et al.Microstructure and properties of 30CrMo steel Q-P-T after cryogenic treatment[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2020,41(4):83-91.
• [24] Hua T,Guo Z,Jing K,et al.Residual stress evolution enhanced martensite phase transition and texture development in cryogenic-tempered WC-Co ultra-coarse grained cemented carbide[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2022,834:142592.
• [25] Liu D,Ding H,Hu X,et al.Dynamic recrystallization and precipitation behaviors during hot deformation of a κ-carbide-bearing multiphase Fe-11Mn-10Al-0.9C lightweight steel[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2020,772:138682.
• [26] 谌康，王毛球，徐乐，等.新型扭杆弹簧用高强度马氏体钢疲劳性能研究[J].钢铁研究学报，2021,33(5):426-436.CHEN Kang,WANG Mao-qiu,XU Le,et al.Fatigue behavior of a high strength martensitic steel for torsion bar spring[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2021,33(5):426-436.
• [27] 邱龙时，赵婧，潘晓龙，等.高速钢表面TiN薄膜的界面疲劳剥落行为[J].金属学报，2021,57(8):1039-1047.QIU Long-shi,ZHAO Jing,PAN Xiao-long,et al.Interface fatigue spalling behavior of TiN film on high speed steel surface[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2021,57(8):1039-1047.
• [28] Hua J,Liu J,Liu F,et al.Study on strip WEA wear damage and fatigue spalling of U71MnG rail material by laser quenching treatment[J].Tribology International,2022,175:107811.

文章评论(Comment)：