王军军,杨贵荣,宋文明,李亚敏,马颖

• 1:兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室
• 2:机械工业上海蓝亚石化设备检测所有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

采用真空熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了WC/h-BN/Ni基复合涂层，并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等观察并分析了复合涂层的微观组织形貌和物相组成。结果表明：复合涂层形成了不同微观组织特征的区域，从表面到基体依次为表层区、复合区、过渡区、扩散熔合区及扩散影响区，主要相组成包括γ-Ni固溶体、FeNi_3、Cr_7C_3、Cr_(23)C_6、WC、W_2C、Ni_3Si、Ni_3B、CrB、Cr_2B、BN和Ni_(2.9)Cr_(0.7)Fe_(0.36)等。复合涂层与基体的界面区域因元素的互扩散而形成了一条厚度约为16μm的扩散熔合带，熔合带中没有硬质相；靠近基体一侧的扩散影响区由大量珠光体组成，连接复合区的过渡层中分布有多种形式的固溶强化相及少量的弥散相；表层区因受粉末颗粒本身及温度等影响，形成了较多的多由Cr_7C_3、Cr_(23)C_6等化合物组成的针状物相及不规则孔隙。随着温度的升高复合涂层中烧结颈不断长大，使得其中的孔隙从闭合球化状态逐渐收缩直至消失，进而形成组织致密的复合涂层。

关键词(KeyWords)： 镍基合金;真空熔覆;复合涂层;孔隙;致密化;冶金结合

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(51765035,51205178);; 辽宁省航发材料摩擦学重点实验室开放课题(LKLAMTF202201)

作者(Author): 王军军,杨贵荣,宋文明,李亚敏,马颖

DOI: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2022-0090

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 李志，曲敬信，吴仲行，等.真空熔结镍基合金涂层的组织结构及其高温磨损特性[J].材料工程，2000(1):7-12.LI Zhi,QU Jing-xin,WU Zhong-xing,et al.Study on microstructure and high temperature wear characteristics of a vacuum melting Ni base alloy coating[J].Materials Engineering,2000(1):7-12.
• [2] 路王珂，李亚敏，张喜冬，等.熔覆温度对真空熔覆WC增强镍基合金层组织及性能的影响[J].材料保护，2017,50(7):64-67.LU Wang-ke,LI Ya-min,ZHANG Xi-dong,et al.Effects of cladding temperature on microstructure and properties of tungsten carbide reinforced nickel-based alloy layer by vacuum cladding[J].Material Protection,2017,50(7):64-67.
• [3] Yang G R,Huang C P,Song W M,et al.Microstructure characteristics of Ni/WC composite cladding coatings[J].International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials,2016,23(2):184-192.
• [4] 曾凡检.Ni60合金真空烧结熔覆涂层的组织和性能[D].湘潭：湘潭大学，2016.ZENG Fan-jian.Microstructure and properties of Ni60 alloy coating by vacuum sintering cladding[D].Xiangtan:Xiangtan University,2016.
• [5] 卢金斌.真空熔结镍基合金的界面组织研究[J].真空，2006(6):30-31.LU Jin-bin.Microstructure and properties of Ni60 alloy coating by vacuum sintering cladding[J].Vacuum,2006(6):30-31.
• [6] 黄新波，贾建援，林化春，等.真空熔烧钴基合金—碳化钨复合涂层的研究[J].中国机械工程，2003(14):88-90.HUANG Xin-bo,JIA Jian-yuan,LIN Hua-chun,et al.Study on vacuum fusion sintering WC-CO composite coating[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2003(14):88-90.
• [7] 王智慧，杨爱弟，贺定勇，等.真空熔覆镍基合金涂层中碳化钨颗粒转变行为[J].稀有金属材料与工程，2008,37(10):1869-1871.WANG Zhi-hui,YANG Ai-di,HE Ding-yong,et al.The transformation of WC in Ni-based alloy coating by-vacuum melting[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2008,37(10):1869-1871.
• [8] 马国印.镍和镍合金耐腐蚀性分析[J].化工装备技术，2007,28(1):71-74.MA Guo-yin.Corrosion resistance analysis of nickel and nickel alloys[J].Chemical Equipment Technology,2007,28(1):71-74.
• [9] 平学龙，符寒光，孙淑婷.激光熔覆制备硬质颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层的研究进展[J].材料导报，2019,33(9):1535-1540.PING Xue-long,FU Han-guang,SUN Shu-ting.Progress in preparation of hard phase reinforced Ni-based alloy composite coatings by laser cladding[J].Materials Reports,2019,33(9):1535-1540.
• [10] 赵龙志，刘武，刘德佳，等.SiC含量对激光熔覆SiC/Ni60A复合涂层显微组织和耐磨性能的影响[J].材料工程，2017,45(3):88-94.ZHAO Long-zhi,LIU Wu,LIU De-jia,et al.The effect of SiC content on the microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding SiC/Ni60A composite coatings[J].Materials Engineering,2017,45(3):88-94.
• [11] 黄本生，李天宁，熊万能，等.TiB2含量对Ni基感应熔覆涂层组织与性能的影响[J].表面技术，2018,47(6):75-82.HUANG Ben-sheng,LI Tian-ning,XIONG Wang-neng,et al.Influence of TiB2 content on microstructure and properties of Ni-based induction cladding coating[J].Surface Technology,2018,47(6):75-82.
• [12] 徐峰，王丹，周小平.添加金刚石颗粒的Ni60 涂层组织和性能研究[J].表面技术，2016,45(9):100-105.XU Feng,WANG Dan,ZHOU Xiao-ping.Study on microstructure and properties of Ni60 coating by adding diamond particles[J].Surface Technology,2016,45(9):100-105.
• [13] 张晶晶，张骋，张长伟，等.WC耐磨颗粒合金复合涂层的制备与性能[J].材料保护，2016,49(8):42-45.ZHANG Jing-jing,ZHANG Cheng,ZHANG Chang-wei,et al.Fabrication and properties of alloy composite coating made of WC anti-wearing granules[J].Material Protection,2016,49(8):42-45.
• [14] 苏科勇，张明，王文慧，等.真空熔覆WC颗粒增强镍基合金涂层的组织与性能[J].材料保护，2018,51(11):80-83.SU Ke-yong,ZHANG Ming,WANG Wen-hui,et al.Structure and property of WC particles reinforced nickel-based alloy coating prepared by vacuum cladding[J].Materials Protection,2018,51(11):80-83.
• [15] 路王珂，李亚敏，张喜冬，等.WC含量对真空熔覆镍基合金涂层组织及性能的影响[J].材料保护，2018,51(5):94-97.LU Wang-ke,LI Ya-min,ZHANG Xi-dong,et al.Effect of WC content on microstructure and properties of Ni-based alloy coating by vacuum cladding[J].Materials protection,2018,51(5):94-97.
• [16] Zhao Y,Feng K,Yao C,et al.Effect of MoO3 on the microstructure and tribological properties of laser-clad Ni60/nano Cu/h-BN/MoO3 composite coatings over wide temperature range[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2020,387(1):125477.
• [17] Zhu S,Cheng J,Qiao Z,et al.High temperature solid-lubricating materials:A review[J].Tribology International,2019,133(1):206-223.
• [18] Lu X L,Liu X B,Yu P C,et al.Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni60/h-BN self-lubricating anti-wear composite coatings on 304 stainless steel by laser cladding[J].Applied Surface Science,2015,355(1):350-358.
• [19] Tharajak J,Palathai T,Sombatsompop N.Recommendations for h-BN loading and service temperature to achieve low friction coefficient and wear rate for thermal-sprayed PEEK coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2017,321:477-483.
• [20] Kumar V,Rakshit R,Das A K.Mechanical and tribological performance of fiber laser cladded h-BN + SS316 composite on SS316 surface[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2020,278:116509.
• [21] Zhao Y,Feng K,Yao C,et al.Microstructure and tribological properties of laser cladded self-lubricating nickel-base composite coatings containing nano-Cu and h-BN solid lubricants[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2018,359:485-494.
• [22] Huang X,Zhang J,Cheng Y,et al.Effect of h-BN addition on the microstructure characteristics,residual stress and tribological behavior of WC-reinforced Ni-based composite coatings[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2020,405:126534.
• [23] 杨贵荣，高大文，宋文明，等.45钢表面Ni/WC复合涂层的形成机制[J].材料研究学报，2019,33(2):87-94.YANG Gui-rong,GAO Da-wen,SONG Wen-ming,et al.Formation mechanism of Ni/WC composite cladding layer on 45 steel surface[J].Chinese Journal of Materials Research,2019,33(2):87-94.
• [24] Gao Y,Luo B H,He K J,et al.Effect of Fe/Ni ratio on the microstructure and properties of WC-Fe-Ni-Co cemented carbides[J].Ceramics International,2018,44(2):2030-2041.
• [25] 吴仲行.真空熔结：表面工程实用技术[M].北京：冶金工业出版社，2016:6.WU Zhong-xing.Vacuum Fusion:Practical Technology of Surface Engineering[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2016:6.
• [26] 阮建明，黄培云.粉末冶金原理[M].北京：机械工业出版社，2012:3.RUAN Jian-ming,HUANG Pei-yun.Principles of Powder Metallurgy[M].Beijing:China Machinery Industry Press,2012:3.
• [27] 胡赓祥，蔡珣，戎咏华.材料科学基础[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社，2010.HU Geng-xiang,CAI Xun,RONG Yong-hua.Fundamentals of Materials Science[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press,2010.

文章评论(Comment)：