贺志荣,王芳

• 1:陕西理工大学材料科学与工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

为了给形状记忆效应和超弹性优异的Ti-50.6Ni形状记忆合金实际应用时制订热处理工艺提供依据，采用示差扫描量热仪、光学显微镜和透射电镜等研究了退火和时效处理对Ti-50.6Ni形状记忆合金相变行为和显微组织的影响。结果表明：当退火温度由350℃升高到800℃时，Ti-50.6Ni合金冷却/加热相变类型由B2→R→B19′/B19′→R→B2(B2-母相，CsCl型结构；R-R相，菱方结构；B19′-马氏体，单斜结构)型向B2→R→B19′/B19′→B2型再向B2→B19′/B19′→B2型转变；R相变温度T_R先升后降，极大值36.44℃出现在400℃退火态合金中；马氏体相变温度T_M先升后降，极大值-19.98℃出现在600℃退火态合金中；M相变热滞ΔT_M降低；R相变热滞ΔT_R≈4℃;组织形态由纤维状向等轴状变化。随退火时间延长，T_R和T_M升高，ΔT_M降低，ΔT_R约为4℃。300℃和400℃时效态合金发生B2→R→B19′/B19′→R→B2型相变，500℃时效态合金发生B2→R→B19′/B19′→B2型相变，且T_R~(400)>T_R~(300)>T_R~(500),T_M~(500)>T_M~(400)>T_M~(300),ΔT_M~(300)>ΔT_M~(400)>ΔT_M~(500)?ΔT_R~(300)≈ΔT_R~(400)≈4℃。随时效时间延长，T_R~(300)、T_R~(400)、T_R~(500)、T_M~(300)和T_M~(500)升高；T_M~(400)先降后升，极小值-87.30℃出现在400℃×1 h时效态合金中；ΔT_M~(300)升高；ΔT_M~(400)先升后降，极大值99.74℃出现在400℃×5 h时效态合金中；ΔT_M~(500)降低，ΔT_R~(300)和ΔT_R~(400)在3.81～5.53℃之间变化。随时效温度升高，该合金中Ti_3Ni_4析出物形貌由细小颗粒状→针状→粗片状变化。退火温度和时效温度对Ti-50.6Ni合金相变行为的影响远大于退火时间和时效时间。冷却方式不影响Ti-50.6Ni合金的相变行为。

关键词(KeyWords)： Ti-50.6Ni合金;形状记忆合金;热处理;相变;显微组织

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0111400)

作者(Author): 贺志荣,王芳

DOI: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2022-0533

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Lecce L,Concilio A.Shape Memory Alloy Engineering:for Aerospace,Structural,and Biomedical Applications[M].Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier Ltd,2020:50-98.
• [2] Bashir S S,Meng Q L,Mahmud A S,et al.Functionally graded shape memory alloys:Design,fabrication and experimental evaluation[J].Materials and Design,2017,124:225-237.
• [3] Jani J M,Leary M,Sunic A,et al.A review of shape memory alloy research,applications and opportunities[J].Materials and Design,2014,56:1078-1113.
• [4] 于振涛，余森，程军，等.新型医用钛合金材料的研发和应用现状[J].金属学报，2017,53(10):1238-1264.YU Zhen-tao,YU Sen,CHENG Jun,et al.Development and application of novel biomedical titanium alloy materials[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2017,53(10):1238-1264.
• [5] 袁志山，吝德智，崔跃，等.NiTi基高温记忆合金相变行为与组织性能研究进展[J].稀有金属材料与工程，2018,47(7):2269-2274.YUAN Zhi-shan,LIN De-zhi,CUI Yue,et al.Research progress on the phase transformation behavior,microstructure and property of NiTi based high temperature shape memory alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2018,47(7):2269-2274.
• [6] Khmelevskaya I,Ryklina E,Korotitskiy A.Application of thermomechanically treated Ti-Ni SMA[J].Material Science Foundations,2015,81-82:603-637.
• [7] Nargatti K,Ahankari S.Advances in enhancing structural and functional fatigue resistance of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy:A Review[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2022,33(4):503-531.
• [8] Hua P,Chu K J,Ren F Z,et al.Cyclic phase transformation behavior of nanocrystalline NiTi at microscale[J].Acta Materialia,2020,185:507-517.
• [9] 任德春，张慧博，赵晓东，等.打印参数对电子束增材制造Ti-Ni合金性能的影响[J].金属学报，2020,56(8):1103-1112.REN De-chun,ZHANG Hui-bo,ZHAO Xiao-dong,et al.Influence of manufacturing parameters on the properties of electron beam melted Ti-Ni Alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2020,56(8):1103-1112.
• [10] Khalil Allafi J,Ren X,Eggeler G.The mechanism of multistage martensitic transformations in aged Ni-rich TiNi shape memory alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2002,50:793-803.
• [11] 张坤刚，贺志荣，叶俊杰，等.退火态Ti-50Ni和Ti-45Ni-5Cu形状记忆合金丝显微组织和拉伸性能对比[J].材料热处理学报，2021,42(5):43-49.ZHANG Kun-gang,HE Zhi-rong,YE Jun-jie,et al.Comparison of microstructure and tensile properties of annealed Ti-50Ni and Ti-45Ni-5Cu shape memory alloy wires[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2021,42(5):43-49.
• [12] 叶俊杰，贺志荣，张坤刚，等.退火态Ti-Ni-Zr合金丝的组织、相变和形状记忆行为[J].材料热处理学报，2020,41(11):61-70.YE Jun-jie,HE Zhi-rong,ZHANG Kun-gang,et al.Microstructue,phase transformation and shape memory behavior of annealed Ti-Ni-Zr alloy wire[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2020,41(11):61-70.
• [13] Prokoshkin S D,Khmelevskaya I Y,Dobatkin S V,et al.Alloy composition,deformation temperature,pressure and post-deformation annealing effects in severely deformed Ti-Ni based shape memory alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2005,53:2703-2714.
• [14] 贺志荣，王芳，叶俊杰，等.Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V形状记忆合金的相变、组织与性能[J].中国有色金属学报，2021,31(2):322-332.HE Zhi-rong,WANG Fang,YE Jun-jie,et al.Phase transformation,microstructure and properties of Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V shape memory alloy[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2021,31(2):322-332.
• [15] 叶俊杰，贺志荣，张坤刚，等.时效对Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Zr形状记忆合金显微组织、拉伸性能和记忆行为的影响[J].金属学报，2021,57(6):717-724.YE Jun-jie,HE Zhi-rong,ZHANG Kun-gang,et al.Effect of ageing on microsturcture,tensile properties,and shape memory behaviors of Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Zr shape memory alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2021,57(6):717-724.
• [16] Dlouhy A,KhalilAllafi J,Eggeler G.On the determination of the volume fraction of Ni4Ti3 precipitates in binary Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys[J].International Journal of Materials Research,2022,95(6):518-524.
• [17] He Z,Liu M.Effect of heat treatment on transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2011,528:6993-6997.
• [18] Frenzel J,George E P,Dlouhy A,et al.Influence of Ni on martensitic phase transformations in NiTi shape memory alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2010,58:3444-3458.
• [19] Zhu J M,Wu H H,Wu Y,et al.Influence of Ni4Ti3 precipitation on martensitic transformations in NiTi shape memory alloy:R phase transformation[J].Acta Materialia,2021,207:116665-116685.
• [20] 贺志荣，王芳，周敬恩.Ni含量和热处理对TiNi形状记忆合金相变和形变行为的影响[J].金属热处理，2006,31(9):17-21.HE Zhi-rong,WANG Fang,ZHOU Jing-en.Effect of Ni content and heat treatment on phase transformation and deformation behavior of Ti-Ni shape memory alloys[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2006,31(9):17-21.
• [21] 贺志荣，张永宏.Ti-50.6Ni合金弹簧超弹性行为研究[J].金属热处理学报，1999,20(3):31-35.HE Zhi-rong,ZHANG Yong-hong.Study on superelasticity behavior of Ti-50.6Ni alloy coil spring[J].Transactions of Metal Heat Treatment,1999,20(3):31-35.
• [22] Prokofiev E,Gunderov D,Lukyanov A,et al.Mechanical behavior and stress-induced martensitic transformation in nanocrystalline Ti49.4Ni50.6 alloy[J].Materials Science Forum,2008,584-586:470-474.
• [23] Gunderov D,Lukyanov A,Prokofiev E,et al.Mechanical properties and martensitic transformations in nanocrystalline Ti49.4Ni50.6 alloy produced by high-pressure torsion[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,2009,503(1/2):75-77.
• [24] 贺志荣.Ti-Ni形状记忆合金多阶段可逆相变的类型及其演化过程[J].金属学报，2007,43(4):353-357.HE Zhi-rong.Multi-stage reversible transformation types and their evolving processes of Ti-Ni shape memory alloys[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2007,43(4):353-357.
• [25] 贺志荣，周敬恩，宫崎修一.固溶时效态TiNi合金的相变行为与Ni含量的关系[J].金属学报，2003,39(6):617-622.HE Zhi-rong,ZHOU Jing-en,Miyazaki S.Relationship between transformation behaviors and Ni content in solution-aged TiNi alloys[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2003,39(6):617-622.
• [26] Khalil Allafi J,Dlouhy A,Eggeler G.Ni4Ti3-precipitation during aging of NiTi shape memory alloys and its influence on martensitic phase transformations[J].Acta Materialia,2002,50:4255-4274.

文章评论(Comment)：