张晓新,洪志远,宋刚,夏敏,葛昌纯,燕青芝

• 1:深圳大学新能源研究中心
• 2:深圳大学光电工程学院光电子器件与系统(教育部/广东省)重点实验室
• 3:北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院核材料研究所

摘要(Abstract)：

氧化物弥散强化(Oxide dispersion strengthened, ODS)钢是聚变堆包层的候选结构材料之一。目前,ODS钢的主要制备方法为粉末冶金工艺(Powder metallurgy, PM),但PM-ODS钢制备技术存在工艺复杂、经济性差,工业生产限制等缺点。因此,国内外正在开展ODS钢的可替代制备技术研究。液态金属(Liquid metal, LM)法制备ODS钢具有工艺简单、经济性好,易工业化生产等优点。现阶段,LM-ODS钢的制备技术主要包括直接铸造技术、中间合金铸造技术、声空化铸造技术、胶态氧化物铸造技术、氧载体铸造技术(包括TiO_2氧载体铸造技术和Fe_2O_3氧载体铸造技术)和预铺粉铸造技术等。本文将首先介绍LM技术制备ODS钢的难点,然后详细介绍上述几种LM-ODS钢的制备工艺流程及特点,最后将各种LM-ODS钢技术作对比,总结出LM-ODS钢的制备现状,期望为后续ODS钢的LM制备提供指导。

关键词(KeyWords)： 聚变堆包层;结构材料;ODS钢;液态金属法;氧化钇

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0702400)

作者(Author): 张晓新,洪志远,宋刚,夏敏,葛昌纯,燕青芝

DOI: 10.13289/j.issn.1009-6264.2019-0352

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Ongena J,Oost G V.Energy for future centuries:Prospects for fusion power as a future energy source[J].Fusion Science and Technology,2017,61(2T):3-16.
• [2] 张国书.核聚变能源的开发现状及新进展[J].中国核电,2018,11(1):30-34.ZHANG Guo-shu.Status andrecent progress in the development of nuclear fusion energy[J].China Nuclear Power,2018,11(1):30-34.
• [3] 高翔,万宝年,宋云涛,等.CFETR物理与工程研究进展[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2019,49(4):045202.GAO Xiang,WAN Bao-nian,SONG Yun-tao,et al.Progress on CFETR physics and engineering[J].Science China Physics,Mechanics and Astronomy,2019,49(4):045202.
• [4] Boccaccini L V,Aiello G,Aubert J,et al.Objectives and status of EURO fusion DEMO blanket studies[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2016,109-111:1199-1206.
• [5] Liu S,Pu Y,Cheng X,et al.Conceptual design of a water cooled breeder blanket for CFETR[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2014,89(7/8):1380-1385.
• [6] Li Y,Nagasaka T,Muroga T,et al.High-temperature mechanical properties and microstructure of 9Cr oxide dispersion strengthened steel compared with RAFMs[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2011,86(9/11):2495-2499.
• [7] Certain A,Kuchibhatla S,Shutthanandan V,et al.Radiation stability of nanoclusters in nano-structured oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2013,434(1/3):311-321.
• [8] Zinkle S J,Boutard J L,Hoelzer D T,et al.Development of next generation tempered and ODS reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels for fusion energy applications[J].Nuclear Fusion,2017,57(9):92005.
• [9] Odette G R,Alinger M J,Wirth B D.Recent developments in irradiation-resistant steels[J].Annual Review of Materials Research,2008,38(1):471-503.
• [10] Taneike M,Abe F,Sawada K.Creep-strengthening of steel at high temperatures using nano-sized carbonitride dispersions[J].Nature,2003,424(6946):294-296.
• [11] Verhiest K,Almazouzi A,De Wispelaere N,et al.Development of oxides dispersion strengthened steels for high temperature nuclear reactor applications[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2009,385(2):308-311.
• [12] Capdevila C,Bhadeshia H K.Manufacturing and microstructural evolution of mechanuically alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened superalloys[J].Advanced Engineering Materials,2001,3(9):647-656.
• [13] Sakasegawa H,Ohtsuka S,Ukai S,et al.Microstructural evolution during creep of 9Cr-ODS steels[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2006,81(8/14):1013-1018.
• [14] Park E,Hong S,Lee G,et al.Reduced argon bubble formation in oxide dispersion strengthened steels by high-energy mechanical alloying[J].Scripta Materialia,2016,113:31-34.
• [15] Klimiankou M,Lindau R,M?slang A.Energy-filtered TEM imaging and EELS study of ODS particles and Argon-filled cavities in ferritic-martensitic steels[J].Micron,2005,36(1):1-8.
• [16] 史子木.面向 ADS 系统的T91钢组织与性能调控方法[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2015.
• [17] Bergner F,Hilger I,Virta J,et al.Alternative fabrication routes toward oxide-dispersion-strengthened steels and model alloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2016,47(11):5313-5324.
• [18] Pazos D,Cintins A,de Castro V,et al.ODS ferritic steels obtained from gas atomized powders through the STARS processing route:Reactive synthesis as an alternative to mechanical alloying[J].Nuclear Materials and Energy,2018,17:1-8.
• [19] Doňate-Buendía C,Fr?mel F,Wilms M B,et al.Oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys generated by laser metal deposition of laser-generated nanoparticle-metal powder composites[J].Materials and Design,2018,154:360-369.
• [20] Hong Z,Morrison A P C,Zhang H,et al.Development of a novel melt spinning-based processing route for oxide dispersion-strengthened steels[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2018,49(2):604-612.
• [21] 王宇钢.中国磁约束聚变堆材料发展路线图[C]//第四届核聚变堆材料论坛,江油,2017.
• [22] 徐玉平,吕一鸣,周海山,等.核聚变堆包层结构材料研究进展及展望[J].材料导报,2018,32(9):2897-2906.XU Yu-ping,Lü Yi-ming,ZHOU Hai-shan,et al.A review on the development of the structural materials of the fusion blanket[J].Materials Review,2018,32(9):2897-2906.
• [23] Mistler R E,Sikka V K,Scorey C R,et al.Tape casting as a fabrication process for iron aluminide (FeAl) thin sheets[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,1998,258(1/2):258-265.
• [24] Lan J,Yang Y,Li X.Microstructure and microhardness of SiC nanoparticles reinforced magnesium composites fabricated by ultrasonic method[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2004,386(1/2):284-290.
• [25] 王龙妹,稀土在低合金及合金钢中的应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2016.
• [26] Hong Z,Zhang X,Yan Q,et al.A new method for preparing 9Cr-ODS steel using elemental yttrium and Fe2O3 oxygen carrier[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2019,770:831-839.
• [27] Verhiest K,Mullens S,Paul J,et al.Experimental study on the contact angle formation of solidified iron-chromium droplets onto yttria ceramic substrates for the yttria/ferrous alloy system with variable chromium content[J].Ceramics International,2014,40(1):2187-2200.
• [28] Shi Z,Han F.Microstructures and properties of cast T91-ODS alloys[J].Materials Research Innovations,2015,19:S5-S832.
• [29] Shi Z,Han F.The microstructure and mechanical properties of micro-scale Y2O3 strengthened 9Cr steel fabricated by vacuum casting[J].Materials and Design,2015,66:304-308.
• [30] Suslick K S,Didenko Y,Fang M M,et al.Acoustic cavitation and its chemical consequences[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.Series A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,1999,357(1751):335-353.
• [31] Yang Y,Lan J,Li X.Study on bulk aluminum matrix nano-composite fabricated by ultrasonic dispersion of nano-sized SiC particles in molten aluminum alloy[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2004,380(1/2):378-383.
• [32] Shen M J,Wang X J,Li C D,et al.Effect of submicron size SiC particles on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium matrix composites[J].Materials and Design,2014,54:436-442.
• [33] Sarma M,Grants I,Kaldre I,et al.Casting technology for ODS steels-dispersion of nanoparticles in liquid metals[J].IOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering,2017,228:012020.
• [34] Verhiest K,Mullens S,De Graeve I,et al.Advances in the development of corrosion and creep resistant nano-yttria dispersed ferritic/martensitic alloys using the rapid solidification processing technique[J].Ceramics International,2014,40(9):14319-14334.
• [35] Sagaradze V V,Litvinov A V,Shabashov V A,et al.New method of mechanical alloying of ODS steels using iron oxides[J].The Physics of Metals and Metallography,2006,101(6):566-576.
• [36] Wen Y,Liu Y,Hirata A,et al.Innovative processing of high-strength and low-cost ferritic steels strengthened by Y-Ti-O nanoclusters[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2012,544:59-69.
• [37] Wen Y,Liu Y,Liu F,et al.Addition of Fe2O3 as oxygen carrier for preparation of nanometer-sized oxide strengthened steels[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2010,405(2):199-202.
• [38] Brocq M,Radiguet B,Le Breton J,et al.Nanoscale characterisation and clustering mechanism in an Fe-Y2O3 model ODS alloy processed by reactive ball milling and annealing[J].Acta Materialia,2010,58(5):1806-1814.
• [39] Moghadasi M A,Nili-Ahmadabadi M,Forghani F,et al.Development of an oxide-dispersion-strengthened steel by introducing oxygen carrier compound into the melt aided by a general thermodynamic model[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:38621.
• [40] Waudby P E.Rare earth additions to steel[J].International Metals Reviews,1978,23(1):74-98.
• [41] Yan Q,Hong Z.Method for preparing oxide dispersion strengthening f/m steel using smelting and casting process:United States,20190144962A1[P].2019-05-16.

文章评论(Comment)：